abstract：:During development and aging and in amblyopia, visual acuity is far below the limitations set by the retina. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the visual cortex is reduced in these situations. We asked whether neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor, type 2 (TrkB) regulates cortical visual acuity...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Heimel JA,Saiepour MH,Chakravarthy S,Hermans JM,Levelt CN

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Axonal degeneration is important during development but has not been thought to function in the intact mature nervous system. Here, we provide evidence that degeneration of adult axons occurs in the intact rodent brain through a p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR)- and myelin-dependent mechanism. Specifically, we show ...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Park KJ,Grosso CA,Aubert I,Kaplan DR,Miller FD

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Electrophysiological connectivity patterns in cortex often have a few strong connections, which are sometimes bidirectional, among a lot of weak connections. To explain these connectivity patterns, we created a model of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in which synaptic changes depend on presynaptic spike arri...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Clopath C,Büsing L,Vasilaki E,Gerstner W

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Central pattern generators (CPGs) are spinal neuronal networks required for locomotion. Glutamatergic neurons have been implicated as being important for intrinsic rhythm generation in the CPG and for the command signal for initiating locomotion, although this has not been demonstrated directly. We used a newly genera...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Hägglund M,Borgius L,Dougherty KJ,Kiehn O

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cortical nucleus LMAN (lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium) provides the output of a basal ganglia pathway that is necessary for vocal learning in juvenile songbirds. The shell subregion of LMAN (LMAN(shell)) gives rise to recurrent loops that may subserve specific learning-related functions....

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Bottjer SW,Altenau B

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To determine the number of open Ca(2+) channels necessary for transmitter release at the inhibitory basket cell-granule cell synapse in rat hippocampus, we combined presynaptic Ca(2+) imaging, recording of postsynaptic currents and modeling. We found that that the opening of three or fewer Ca(2+) channels triggered tr...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Bucurenciu I,Bischofberger J,Jonas P

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An unresolved question in neuroscience relates to the extent to which corticothalamocortical circuits emanating from layer 5B are involved in information transfer through the cortical hierarchy. Using a new form of optical imaging in a brain slice preparation, we found that the corticothalamocortical pathway drove rob...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Theyel BB,Llano DA,Sherman SM

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The excitability of individual dendritic branches is a plastic property of neurons. We found that experience in an enriched environment increased propagation of dendritic Na(+) spikes in a subset of individual dendritic branches in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and that this effect was mainly mediated by local...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Makara JK,Losonczy A,Wen Q,Magee JC

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase-3b (Mst3b, encoded by Stk24), regulates axon outgrowth in embryonic cortical neurons in culture, but its role in vivo and in neural repair is unknown. Here we show that Mst3b mediates the axon-promoting effects of trophic factors in mature rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and dorsal r...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Lorber B,Howe ML,Benowitz LI,Irwin N

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How different are the neuronal circuits for a given behavior across individual animals? To address this question, we measured multiple cellular and synaptic parameters in individual preparations to see how they correlated with circuit function, using neurons and synapses in the pyloric circuit of the stomatogastric ga...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Goaillard JM,Taylor AL,Schulz DJ,Marder E

更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sharp wave-ripple (SPW-R) complexes in the hippocampus-entorhinal cortex are believed to be important for transferring labile memories from the hippocampus to the neocortex for long-term storage. We found that selective elimination of SPW-Rs during post-training consolidation periods resulted in performance impairment...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Girardeau G,Benchenane K,Wiener SI,Buzsáki G,Zugaro MB

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Individual behavioral performance during learning is known to be affected by modulatory factors, such as stress and motivation, and by genetic predispositions that influence sensitivity to these factors. Despite numerous studies, no integrative framework is available that could predict how a given animal would perform...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Luksys G,Gerstner W,Sandi C

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chondroitinase ABC treatment promotes spinal cord plasticity. We investigated whether chondroitinase-induced plasticity combined with physical rehabilitation promotes recovery of manual dexterity in rats with cervical spinal cord injuries. Rats received a C4 dorsal funiculus cut followed by chondroitinase ABC or penic...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： García-Alías G,Barkhuysen S,Buckle M,Fawcett JW

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hindbrain transcription factors Phox2b and Egr2 (also known as Krox20) are linked to the development of the autonomic nervous system and rhombomere-related regulation of breathing, respectively. Mutations in these proteins can lead to abnormal breathing behavior as a result of an alteration in an unidentified neur...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Thoby-Brisson M,Karlén M,Wu N,Charnay P,Champagnat J,Fortin G

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Memory reconsolidation has been demonstrated in various tasks and species, suggesting it is a fundamental process. However, there are experimental parameters that can inhibit reconsolidation from occurring (boundary conditions). These conditions and their mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we characterize the abi...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Wang SH,de Oliveira Alvares L,Nader K

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We found that K(+)/Cl(-) co-transporter 2 (KCC2) activity, monitored with wide-field fluorescence, was inhibited by intracellular Zn(2+), a major component of neuronal injury. Zn(2+)-mediated KCC2 inhibition produced a depolarizing shift of GABA(A) reversal potentials in rat cortical neurons. Moreover, oxygen-glucose ...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Hershfinkel M,Kandler K,Knoch ME,Dagan-Rabin M,Aras MA,Abramovitch-Dahan C,Sekler I,Aizenman E

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A fundamental organizing principle of auditory brain circuits is tonotopy, the orderly representation of the sound frequency to which neurons are most sensitive. Tonotopy arises from the coding of frequency along the cochlea and the topographic organization of auditory pathways. The mechanisms that underlie the establ...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Kandler K,Clause A,Noh J

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The distinct electrical properties of axonal and dendritic membranes are largely a result of specific transport of vesicle-bound membrane proteins to each compartment. How this specificity arises is unclear because kinesin motors that transport vesicles cannot autonomously distinguish dendritically projecting microtub...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Lewis TL Jr,Mao T,Svoboda K,Arnold DB

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The processing of synaptic potentials by neuronal dendrites depends on both their passive cable properties and active voltage-gated channels, which can generate complex effects as a result of their nonlinear properties. We characterized the actions of HCN (hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation) ch...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： George MS,Abbott LF,Siegelbaum SA

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the nose, odorants are detected on the cilia of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), where a cAMP-mediated signaling pathway transforms odor stimulation into electrical responses. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in OSN cilia has long been thought to account for rapid response termination by degrading odor-induced cAM...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Cygnar KD,Zhao H

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evaluating social others requires processing complex information. Nevertheless, we can rapidly form an opinion of an individual during an initial encounter. Moreover, people can vary in these opinions, even though the same information is provided. We investigated the brain mechanisms that give rise to the impressions ...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Schiller D,Freeman JB,Mitchell JP,Uleman JS,Phelps EA

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been considered important for consolidation of memories, particularly of skills. Contrary to expectations, we found that REM sleep suppression by administration of selective serotonin or norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors after training did not impair consolidation of skills or word...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Rasch B,Pommer J,Diekelmann S,Born J

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myelinating cells, oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system produce an enormous amount of plasma membrane during the myelination process, making them particularly susceptible to disruptions of the secretory pathway. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, initiated by the accumulation of un...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Lin W,Popko B

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Population coding is widely regarded as an important mechanism for achieving reliable behavioral responses despite neuronal variability. However, standard reinforcement learning slows down with increasing population size, as the global reward signal becomes less and less related to the performance of any single neuron...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Urbanczik R,Senn W

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endocytosis of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) underlies several forms of synaptic plasticity, including NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-dependent long-term depression (LTD), but the molecular mechanisms responsible for this trafficking remain unknown. We found that PSD-95, a major postsynaptic density protein, is important for NMD...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Bhattacharyya S,Biou V,Xu W,Schlüter O,Malenka RC

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here, we characterized behavioral abnormalities induced by prolonged social isolation in adult rodents. Social isolation induced both anxiety- and anhedonia-like symptoms and decreased cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activity in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh). All of these abnormalities were reversed...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Wallace DL,Han MH,Graham DL,Green TA,Vialou V,Iñiguez SD,Cao JL,Kirk A,Chakravarty S,Kumar A,Krishnan V,Neve RL,Cooper DC,Bolaños CA,Barrot M,McClung CA,Nestler EJ

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The control of cell fate in neural progenitor cells is critical for nervous system development. Nevertheless, the processes involved are only partially known. We found that the expression of the tumor suppressor Pml was restricted to neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the developing neocortex of the mouse. Notably, in ...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Regad T,Bellodi C,Nicotera P,Salomoni P

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enduring deficits in temporal processing can be induced in the auditory cortex by rearing infant rats in the presence of low frequency-modulated noises. We found that it was possible to restore normal temporal processing, overcoming deficits induced during the critical period, by intensively training developmentally i...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Zhou X,Merzenich MM

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An action may lead to either a reward or a punishment. Therefore, an appropriate action needs to be chosen on the basis of the values of both expected rewards and expected punishments. To understand the underlying neural mechanisms, we conditioned monkeys using a Pavlovian procedure with two distinct contexts: one in ...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Matsumoto M,Hikosaka O

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely believed that attention selects locations at an earlier stage than it selects nonspatial features, but this has been tested only under conditions of minimal competition. We found that, when competition was increased, color-based attention was able to influence the feedforward flow of information in humans...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Zhang W,Luck SJ

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian visual system contains an extensive web of feedback connections projecting from higher cortical areas to lower areas, including primary visual cortex. Although multiple theories have been proposed, the role of these connections in perceptual processing is not understood. We found that the pattern of func...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Williams MA,Baker CI,Op de Beeck HP,Shim WM,Dang S,Triantafyllou C,Kanwisher N

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The classic 'size principle' of motor control describes how increasingly forceful movements arise by the recruitment of motoneurons of progressively larger size and force output into the active pool. We explored the activity of pools of spinal interneurons in larval zebrafish and found that increases in swimming speed...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： McLean DL,Masino MA,Koh IY,Lindquist WB,Fetcho JR

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some neurons in auditory cortex respond to recent stimulus history by adapting their response functions to track stimulus statistics directly, as might be expected. In contrast, some neurons respond to loud sounds by adjusting their response functions away from high intensities and consequently remain sensitive to sof...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Watkins PV,Barbour DL

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sensory systems create neural representations of environmental stimuli and these representations can be associated with other stimuli through learning. Are spike patterns the neural representations that get directly associated with reinforcement during conditioning? In the moth Manduca sexta, we found that odor presen...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Ito I,Ong RC,Raman B,Stopfer M

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cerebral cortex has the ability to adapt to altered sensory inputs. In the visual cortex, a small lesion to the retina causes the deprived cortical region to become responsive to adjacent parts of the visual field. This extensive topographic remapping is assumed to be mediated by the rewiring of intracortical conn...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Keck T,Mrsic-Flogel TD,Vaz Afonso M,Eysel UT,Bonhoeffer T,Hübener M

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neural basis of aggression is poorly understood. A study in this issue used genetic scalpels to dissect the circuitry of the fly brain and identified a small cluster of octopaminergic neurons that can make a fly fighting mad. ...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Potter CJ,Luo L

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The efficiency of remyelination decreases with age, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for this decline remain only partially understood. In this study, we show that remyelination is regulated by age-dependent epigenetic control of gene expression. In demyelinated young brains, new myelin synthesis is preceded b...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Shen S,Sandoval J,Swiss VA,Li J,Dupree J,Franklin RJ,Casaccia-Bonnefil P

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We combined psychophysical and transcranial magnetic stimulation studies to investigate the dynamics of action anticipation and its underlying neural correlates in professional basketball players. Athletes predicted the success of free shots at a basket earlier and more accurately than did individuals with comparable ...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Aglioti SM,Cesari P,Romani M,Urgesi C

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult neurogenesis occurs in the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb of the mammalian CNS. Recent studies have demonstrated that newborn granule cells of the adult hippocampus are postsynaptic targets of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, but evidence of synapse formation by the axons of these cells is still lacking. B...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Toni N,Laplagne DA,Zhao C,Lombardi G,Ribak CE,Gage FH,Schinder AF

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three families of ligand-activated ion channels mediate synaptic communication between excitable cells in mammals. For pentameric channels related to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and tetrameric channels such as glutamate receptors, the pore-forming and gate regions have been studied extensively. In contrast, litt...

journal_title：Nature neuroscience

authors： Li M,Chang TH,Silberberg SD,Swartz KJ

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00